Attach the clock of Eff.val_exp to the val_exp itself, instead of

maintaining (ugly and error-prone) hash tables.

That change revealed an untriggered bug in EvalClock.check_args: it was wrong
to add in subst the substitutions made of the parameters and the arguments (it
is enough to unify the clocks of the pars and of the args). For instance, consider
the node (in should_work/clock/clock.lus)

   node clock5(x :  bool; y:  bool when x; z: bool when y)

and the call

  z2 = clock5(a, b when a, c when e);

I was adding y/b in the subst, which was wrong.

Other minor changes:
 - move const_to_val_eff from Eff to UnifyClock.
 - GetEff.translate_val_exp now returns a substitution, in order to be able
   to unify clock vars and propagate the resulting substitution.