closes #2248

in this commit:

- centralize logging output handler.
- set global Info/Debug/Error log levels based on config file or flags.
- remove per-plugin debug arg handling.
- add a I!, D!, or E! to every log message.
- add configuration option to specify where to send logs.

closes #1786

closes #1728

closes #1128

closes #1066

This will basically make the root directory a place for storing the
major telegraf interfaces, which will make telegraf's godoc looks quite
a bit nicer. And make it easier for contributors to lookup the few data
types that they actually care about.

closes #564