Many of the examples provided within documentation are using a single
dash for the command line arguments, but the telegraf executable
explicitly has two dashes.

There are also some inconsistencies with the ordering of the command
line argument examples.  I've ordered them so that the examples will
show: config, config-directory, input-filter, test

fixes #1911

in this commit:

- centralize logging output handler.
- set global Info/Debug/Error log levels based on config file or flags.
- remove per-plugin debug arg handling.
- add a I!, D!, or E! to every log message.
- add configuration option to specify where to send logs.

closes #1786

closes #1190

closes #1134

First is to write an internal CombinedOutput and Run function with a
timeout.

Second, the following instances of command runners need to have timeouts:

    plugins/inputs/ping/ping.go
    125:	out, err := c.CombinedOutput()

    plugins/inputs/exec/exec.go
    91:	if err := cmd.Run(); err != nil {

    plugins/inputs/ipmi_sensor/command.go
    31:	err := cmd.Run()

    plugins/inputs/sysstat/sysstat.go
    194:	out, err := cmd.CombinedOutput()

    plugins/inputs/leofs/leofs.go
    185:	defer cmd.Wait()

    plugins/inputs/sysstat/sysstat.go
    282:	if err := cmd.Wait(); err != nil {

closes #1067

closes #939