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IMPORTANT : mardi 20 avril et jeudi 22 avril entre 16h et 19h, une maintenance des équipements réseau de l'UGA entrainera une coupure de la plate-forme gitlab. Des perturbations sont également possibles entre ces deux dates.

Commit 1440ca9a authored by Laurence Viry's avatar Laurence Viry
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ajout études

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        {
        "cells": [
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "*Ce notebook est issu du document fourni par H. Commenges lors d'une formation pour ATMO en avril 2017*\n",
        "\n",
        "## Création, manipulation d'objets R et de structures de données\n",
        "\n",
        "### Création d'objets\n",
        "\n",
        "#### Assignation\n",
        "\n",
        "* Opérateur d'assignation \"**<-**\"\n",
        "* \"**<-**\" et \"**=**\" sont équivalents\n",
        "\n",
        "L'opérateur \"**<-**\" est conseillé"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "1+1\n",
        "Var1Somme <- 1+1\n",
        "Var1Somme\n",
        "Var2Somme <- 7+6\n",
        "Var2Somme\n",
        "VarSommeGlob <- Var1Somme + Var2Somme\n",
        "VarSommeGlob\n",
        "# Essayer d'autres opérations ..."
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "Var2Somme <- 8\n",
        "Var2Somme"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "#### Référencement\n",
        "* Si le nom n'existe pas, l'assignation crée de nouvelle référence.\n",
        "* Si le nom existe, l'assignation écrase la référence existante.\n",
        "\n",
        "### Typage dynamique\n",
        "\n",
        "#### Typage à la volée"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "#\n",
        "estNum <- 1.67\n",
        "estInt <- 45L\n",
        "estAlphaNum <- \"taux\"\n",
        "estLogique <- TRUE"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "Se renseigner et changer de type"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "class(estNum)\n",
        "mode(estNum)\n",
        "is.numeric(estNum)\n",
        "#\n",
        "class(estInt)\n",
        "mode(estInt)\n",
        "is.numeric(estInt)\n",
        "#\n",
        "class(estAlphaNum)\n",
        "is.numeric(estAlphaNum)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "### Calcul terme à terme\n",
        "\n",
        "* Les opérations sont effectués vectoriellement terme à terme\n",
        "* il y a des opérateurs spécifiques pour le calcul matriciel"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "vec1 <- c(3,8,-8,10,11)\n",
        "vec1\n",
        "vec2 <- rep(4,5)\n",
        "vec2"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "# Opération\n",
        "vec1 + vec2\n",
        "vec1*6\n",
        "vec1*vec2\n",
        "vec1%*%vec2"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "## "
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "## Manipulation de structure de données\n",
        "\n",
        "### Les Vecteurs\n",
        "Suite ordonnée de valeurs **de même type**(numérique, alphanumérique, logique) en *une dimension*\n",
        "\n",
        "* Créer l'objet"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "c(6,7,1,2,9)\n",
        "vecTaille <- c(10, 40, 20, 17, 12)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "* Se renseigner sur l'objet"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "str(vecTaille)\n",
        "class(vecTaille)\n",
        "length(vecTaille)\n",
        "names(vecTaille)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "* Désigner des valeurs"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "vecTaille[3]\n",
        "vecTaille[c(1,3)]\n",
        "vecTaille[1:3]"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "* Utiliser des fonctions"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "sum(vecTaille[3])\n",
        "mean(vecTaille)\n",
        "summary(vecTaille)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "### Les matrices\n",
        "\n",
        "* Suite de valeurs de **même type** (numérique, alphanumérique, logique) en **n dimensions**\n",
        "* *Classe* : **matrix**(2 dimensions) ou **array** (n dimensions)\n",
        "\n",
        "#### Créer l'objet:"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "seq(0,6,2)\n",
        "mat <- matrix(c(c(2.3,4,7.8,9.2),rep(2,4),seq(0,6,2)),nrow=4,ncol=3)\n",
        "mat"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "#### Se renseigner sur l'objet\n"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "str(mat)\n",
        "class(mat)\n",
        "dim(mat)\n",
        "rownames(mat)\n",
        "colnames(mat)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "#### Désigner les valeurs\n",
        "Les valeurs sont stockées colonne par colonne, on peut modifier en spécifiant l'option **byrow=TRUE**"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "mat[4]\n",
        "mat[1,2]\n",
        "mat[1,] # ligne 1\n",
        "mat[,1] # colonne 1\n",
        "matrow <- matrix(c(c(2.3,4,7.8,9.2),rep(2,4),seq(0,6,2)),nrow=4,ncol=3,byrow=TRUE)\n",
        "matrow\n",
        "matrow[4]"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "#### Faire des opérations"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "sum(mat)\n",
        "mean(mat)\n",
        "mean(mat[,1])\n",
        "summary(mat)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "### Tableau\n",
        "\n",
        "* Ensemble de **vecteurs** de **même taille** mais pouvant être **de type différent**.\n",
        "\n",
        "* Classe : **data.frame**\n",
        "\n",
        "#### Créer l'objet"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "tabCastors1 <- data.frame(NOM=c(\"Riri\",\"Fifi\",\"Loulou\"),\n",
        " TAILLE=c(1.43,1.78,1.03),\n",
        " POIDS=c(50,87,45))"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "tabCastors1\n",
        "# Nom des lignes\n",
        "row.names(tabCastors1)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "tabCastors2 <- data.frame(NOM=c(\"Riri\",\"Fifi\",\"Loulou\"),\n",
        " TAILLE=c(1.43,1.78,1.03),\n",
        " POIDS=c(50,87,45),row.names=\"NOM\")\n",
        "row.names(tabCastors2)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "#### Se renseigner sur l'objet"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "str(tabCastors2)\n",
        "class(tabCastors2)\n",
        "dim(tabCastors2)\n",
        "row.names(tabCastors2)\n",
        "colnames(tabCastors2)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "#### Faire des opérations"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "summary(tabCastors1)\n",
        "summary(tabCastors2)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "# sum(tabCastors1)\n",
        "sum(tabCastors2)\n",
        "sum(tabCastors1$TAILLE)\n",
        "mean(tabCastors2$TAILLE)\n",
        "summary(tabCastors2)\n",
        "summary(tabCastors2$TAILLE)\n",
        "attributes(tabCastors)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "### Liste\n",
        "\n",
        "* Ensemble d'objets **de tout type** et **de toute taille**\n",
        "\n",
        "* Classe : **list**"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "#### Créer un objet"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": 84,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "riri <- list(NOM=\"Riri\",TAILLE=data.frame(DATE=c(1951,1952,1953),TAILLE=c(1.43,1.48,1.54)),\n",
        " COORDS=c(33.94,-117.51))\n",
        "fifi <- list(NOM=\"Fifi\",TAILLE=data.frame(DATE=c(1951,1952,1953),TAILLE=c(1.78,1.80,1.87)),\n",
        " COORDS=c(33.21,-117.64))\n",
        "loulou <- list(NOM=\"Loulou\",TAILLE=data.frame(DATE=c(1951,1952,1953),TAILLE=c(1.04,1.10,1.20)),\n",
        " COORDS=c(33.83,-117.25))\n",
        "listCastors <-list(RIRI=riri,FIFI=fifi,LOULOU=loulou)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "#### Se renseigner sur l'objet"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "str(riri)\n",
        "class(riri)\n",
        "str(listCastors)\n",
        "class(listCastors)\n",
        "length(listCastors)\n",
        "names(riri)\n",
        "names(listCastors)"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "#### Désigner des valeurs"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": null,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [],
        "source": [
        "riri[1]\n",
        "class(riri[1])\n",
        "riri[[1]]\n",
        "class(riri[[1]])\n",
        "riri$NOM"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "code",
        "execution_count": 89,
        "metadata": {},
        "outputs": [
        {
        "data": {
        "text/html": [
        "<table>\n",
        "<thead><tr><th scope=col>DATE</th><th scope=col>TAILLE</th></tr></thead>\n",
        "<tbody>\n",
        "\t<tr><td>1951</td><td>1.43</td></tr>\n",
        "\t<tr><td>1952</td><td>1.48</td></tr>\n",
        "\t<tr><td>1953</td><td>1.54</td></tr>\n",
        "</tbody>\n",
        "</table>\n"
        ],
        "text/latex": [
        "\\begin{tabular}{r|ll}\n",
        " DATE & TAILLE\\\\\n",
        "\\hline\n",
        "\t 1951 & 1.43\\\\\n",
        "\t 1952 & 1.48\\\\\n",
        "\t 1953 & 1.54\\\\\n",
        "\\end{tabular}\n"
        ],
        "text/markdown": [
        "\n",
        "DATE | TAILLE | \n",
        "|---|---|---|\n",
        "| 1951 | 1.43 | \n",
        "| 1952 | 1.48 | \n",
        "| 1953 | 1.54 | \n",
        "\n",
        "\n"
        ],
        "text/plain": [
        " DATE TAILLE\n",
        "1 1951 1.43 \n",
        "2 1952 1.48 \n",
        "3 1953 1.54 "
        ]
        },
        "metadata": {},
        "output_type": "display_data"
        },
        {
        "data": {
        "text/html": [
        "'data.frame'"
        ],
        "text/latex": [
        "'data.frame'"
        ],
        "text/markdown": [
        "'data.frame'"
        ],
        "text/plain": [
        "[1] \"data.frame\""
        ]
        },
        "metadata": {},
        "output_type": "display_data"
        },
        {
        "data": {
        "text/html": [
        "<strong>$TAILLE</strong> = <table>\n",
        "<thead><tr><th scope=col>DATE</th><th scope=col>TAILLE</th></tr></thead>\n",
        "<tbody>\n",
        "\t<tr><td>1951</td><td>1.43</td></tr>\n",
        "\t<tr><td>1952</td><td>1.48</td></tr>\n",
        "\t<tr><td>1953</td><td>1.54</td></tr>\n",
        "</tbody>\n",
        "</table>\n"
        ],
        "text/latex": [
        "\\textbf{\\$TAILLE} = \\begin{tabular}{r|ll}\n",
        " DATE & TAILLE\\\\\n",
        "\\hline\n",
        "\t 1951 & 1.43\\\\\n",
        "\t 1952 & 1.48\\\\\n",
        "\t 1953 & 1.54\\\\\n",
        "\\end{tabular}\n"
        ],
        "text/markdown": [
        "**$TAILLE** = \n",
        "DATE | TAILLE | \n",
        "|---|---|---|\n",
        "| 1951 | 1.43 | \n",
        "| 1952 | 1.48 | \n",
        "| 1953 | 1.54 | \n",
        "\n",
        "\n"
        ],
        "text/plain": [
        "$TAILLE\n",
        " DATE TAILLE\n",
        "1 1951 1.43\n",
        "2 1952 1.48\n",
        "3 1953 1.54\n"
        ]
        },
        "metadata": {},
        "output_type": "display_data"
        },
        {
        "data": {
        "text/html": [
        "'list'"
        ],
        "text/latex": [
        "'list'"
        ],
        "text/markdown": [
        "'list'"
        ],
        "text/plain": [
        "[1] \"list\""
        ]
        },
        "metadata": {},
        "output_type": "display_data"
        }
        ],
        "source": [
        "#\n",
        "listCastors[[1]][[2]]\n",
        "class(listCastors[[1]][[2]])\n",
        "listCastors[[1]][2]\n",
        "class(listCastors[[1]][2])"
        ]
        },
        {
        "cell_type": "markdown",
        "metadata": {},
        "source": [
        "#### Faire des opérations\n",
        "\n",
        "Il faut appliquer des fonctions sur un ensemble d'éléments de la liste (**lapply**,...)"
        ]
        }
        ],
        "metadata": {
        "kernelspec": {
        "display_name": "R",
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        "pygments_lexer": "r",
        "version": "3.4.3"
        }
        },
        "nbformat": 4,
        "nbformat_minor": 2
        }
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