ajout études

TP/notebooks/ObjetManip.ipynb

+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "*Ce notebook est issu du document fourni par H. Commenges lors d'une formation pour ATMO en avril 2017*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Création, manipulation d'objets R et de structures de données\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### Création d'objets\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#### Assignation\n",
+    "\n",
+    "* Opérateur d'assignation \"**<-**\"\n",
+    "* \"**<-**\" et \"**=**\" sont équivalents\n",
+    "\n",
+    "L'opérateur \"**<-**\" est conseillé"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "1+1\n",
+    "Var1Somme <- 1+1\n",
+    "Var1Somme\n",
+    "Var2Somme <- 7+6\n",
+    "Var2Somme\n",
+    "VarSommeGlob <- Var1Somme + Var2Somme\n",
+    "VarSommeGlob\n",
+    "# Essayer d'autres opérations ..."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "Var2Somme <- 8\n",
+    "Var2Somme"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "#### Référencement\n",
+    "* Si le nom n'existe pas, l'assignation crée de nouvelle référence.\n",
+    "* Si le nom existe, l'assignation écrase la référence existante.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### Typage dynamique\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#### Typage à la volée"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "#\n",
+    "estNum <- 1.67\n",
+    "estInt <- 45L\n",
+    "estAlphaNum <- \"taux\"\n",
+    "estLogique <- TRUE"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "Se renseigner et changer de type"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "class(estNum)\n",
+    "mode(estNum)\n",
+    "is.numeric(estNum)\n",
+    "#\n",
+    "class(estInt)\n",
+    "mode(estInt)\n",
+    "is.numeric(estInt)\n",
+    "#\n",
+    "class(estAlphaNum)\n",
+    "is.numeric(estAlphaNum)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Calcul terme à terme\n",
+    "\n",
+    "* Les opérations sont effectués vectoriellement terme à terme\n",
+    "* il y a des opérateurs spécifiques pour le calcul matriciel"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "vec1 <- c(3,8,-8,10,11)\n",
+    "vec1\n",
+    "vec2 <- rep(4,5)\n",
+    "vec2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# Opération\n",
+    "vec1 + vec2\n",
+    "vec1*6\n",
+    "vec1*vec2\n",
+    "vec1%*%vec2"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## "
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "## Manipulation de structure de données\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### Les Vecteurs\n",
+    "Suite ordonnée de valeurs **de même type**(numérique, alphanumérique, logique) en *une dimension*\n",
+    "\n",
+    "* Créer l'objet"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "c(6,7,1,2,9)\n",
+    "vecTaille <- c(10, 40, 20, 17, 12)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "* Se renseigner sur l'objet"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "str(vecTaille)\n",
+    "class(vecTaille)\n",
+    "length(vecTaille)\n",
+    "names(vecTaille)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "* Désigner des valeurs"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "vecTaille[3]\n",
+    "vecTaille[c(1,3)]\n",
+    "vecTaille[1:3]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "* Utiliser des fonctions"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "sum(vecTaille[3])\n",
+    "mean(vecTaille)\n",
+    "summary(vecTaille)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Les matrices\n",
+    "\n",
+    "* Suite de valeurs de **même type** (numérique, alphanumérique, logique) en **n dimensions**\n",
+    "* *Classe* : **matrix**(2 dimensions) ou **array** (n dimensions)\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#### Créer l'objet:"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "seq(0,6,2)\n",
+    "mat <- matrix(c(c(2.3,4,7.8,9.2),rep(2,4),seq(0,6,2)),nrow=4,ncol=3)\n",
+    "mat"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "#### Se renseigner sur l'objet\n"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "str(mat)\n",
+    "class(mat)\n",
+    "dim(mat)\n",
+    "rownames(mat)\n",
+    "colnames(mat)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "#### Désigner les valeurs\n",
+    "Les valeurs sont stockées colonne par colonne, on peut modifier en spécifiant l'option **byrow=TRUE**"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "mat[4]\n",
+    "mat[1,2]\n",
+    "mat[1,] # ligne 1\n",
+    "mat[,1] # colonne 1\n",
+    "matrow <- matrix(c(c(2.3,4,7.8,9.2),rep(2,4),seq(0,6,2)),nrow=4,ncol=3,byrow=TRUE)\n",
+    "matrow\n",
+    "matrow[4]"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "#### Faire des opérations"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "sum(mat)\n",
+    "mean(mat)\n",
+    "mean(mat[,1])\n",
+    "summary(mat)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Tableau\n",
+    "\n",
+    "* Ensemble de **vecteurs** de **même taille** mais pouvant être **de type différent**.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "* Classe : **data.frame**\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#### Créer l'objet"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "tabCastors1 <- data.frame(NOM=c(\"Riri\",\"Fifi\",\"Loulou\"),\n",
+    "                        TAILLE=c(1.43,1.78,1.03),\n",
+    "                        POIDS=c(50,87,45))"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "tabCastors1\n",
+    "# Nom des lignes\n",
+    "row.names(tabCastors1)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "tabCastors2 <- data.frame(NOM=c(\"Riri\",\"Fifi\",\"Loulou\"),\n",
+    "                        TAILLE=c(1.43,1.78,1.03),\n",
+    "                        POIDS=c(50,87,45),row.names=\"NOM\")\n",
+    "row.names(tabCastors2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "#### Se renseigner sur l'objet"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "str(tabCastors2)\n",
+    "class(tabCastors2)\n",
+    "dim(tabCastors2)\n",
+    "row.names(tabCastors2)\n",
+    "colnames(tabCastors2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "#### Faire des opérations"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "summary(tabCastors1)\n",
+    "summary(tabCastors2)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "# sum(tabCastors1)\n",
+    "sum(tabCastors2)\n",
+    "sum(tabCastors1$TAILLE)\n",
+    "mean(tabCastors2$TAILLE)\n",
+    "summary(tabCastors2)\n",
+    "summary(tabCastors2$TAILLE)\n",
+    "attributes(tabCastors)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "### Liste\n",
+    "\n",
+    "* Ensemble d'objets **de tout type** et **de toute taille**\n",
+    "\n",
+    "* Classe : **list**"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "#### Créer un objet"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 84,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "riri <- list(NOM=\"Riri\",TAILLE=data.frame(DATE=c(1951,1952,1953),TAILLE=c(1.43,1.48,1.54)),\n",
+    "                                         COORDS=c(33.94,-117.51))\n",
+    "fifi <- list(NOM=\"Fifi\",TAILLE=data.frame(DATE=c(1951,1952,1953),TAILLE=c(1.78,1.80,1.87)),\n",
+    "                                         COORDS=c(33.21,-117.64))\n",
+    "loulou <- list(NOM=\"Loulou\",TAILLE=data.frame(DATE=c(1951,1952,1953),TAILLE=c(1.04,1.10,1.20)),\n",
+    "                                         COORDS=c(33.83,-117.25))\n",
+    "listCastors <-list(RIRI=riri,FIFI=fifi,LOULOU=loulou)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "#### Se renseigner sur l'objet"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "str(riri)\n",
+    "class(riri)\n",
+    "str(listCastors)\n",
+    "class(listCastors)\n",
+    "length(listCastors)\n",
+    "names(riri)\n",
+    "names(listCastors)"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "#### Désigner des valeurs"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [],
+   "source": [
+    "riri[1]\n",
+    "class(riri[1])\n",
+    "riri[[1]]\n",
+    "class(riri[[1]])\n",
+    "riri$NOM"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": 89,
+   "metadata": {},
+   "outputs": [
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<table>\n",
+       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>DATE</th><th scope=col>TAILLE</th></tr></thead>\n",
+       "<tbody>\n",
+       "\t<tr><td>1951</td><td>1.43</td></tr>\n",
+       "\t<tr><td>1952</td><td>1.48</td></tr>\n",
+       "\t<tr><td>1953</td><td>1.54</td></tr>\n",
+       "</tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n"
+      ],
+      "text/latex": [
+       "\\begin{tabular}{r|ll}\n",
+       " DATE & TAILLE\\\\\n",
+       "\\hline\n",
+       "\t 1951 & 1.43\\\\\n",
+       "\t 1952 & 1.48\\\\\n",
+       "\t 1953 & 1.54\\\\\n",
+       "\\end{tabular}\n"
+      ],
+      "text/markdown": [
+       "\n",
+       "DATE | TAILLE | \n",
+       "|---|---|---|\n",
+       "| 1951 | 1.43 | \n",
+       "| 1952 | 1.48 | \n",
+       "| 1953 | 1.54 | \n",
+       "\n",
+       "\n"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "  DATE TAILLE\n",
+       "1 1951 1.43  \n",
+       "2 1952 1.48  \n",
+       "3 1953 1.54  "
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "'data.frame'"
+      ],
+      "text/latex": [
+       "'data.frame'"
+      ],
+      "text/markdown": [
+       "'data.frame'"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "[1] \"data.frame\""
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "<strong>$TAILLE</strong> = <table>\n",
+       "<thead><tr><th scope=col>DATE</th><th scope=col>TAILLE</th></tr></thead>\n",
+       "<tbody>\n",
+       "\t<tr><td>1951</td><td>1.43</td></tr>\n",
+       "\t<tr><td>1952</td><td>1.48</td></tr>\n",
+       "\t<tr><td>1953</td><td>1.54</td></tr>\n",
+       "</tbody>\n",
+       "</table>\n"
+      ],
+      "text/latex": [
+       "\\textbf{\\$TAILLE} = \\begin{tabular}{r|ll}\n",
+       " DATE & TAILLE\\\\\n",
+       "\\hline\n",
+       "\t 1951 & 1.43\\\\\n",
+       "\t 1952 & 1.48\\\\\n",
+       "\t 1953 & 1.54\\\\\n",
+       "\\end{tabular}\n"
+      ],
+      "text/markdown": [
+       "**$TAILLE** = \n",
+       "DATE | TAILLE | \n",
+       "|---|---|---|\n",
+       "| 1951 | 1.43 | \n",
+       "| 1952 | 1.48 | \n",
+       "| 1953 | 1.54 | \n",
+       "\n",
+       "\n"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "$TAILLE\n",
+       "  DATE TAILLE\n",
+       "1 1951   1.43\n",
+       "2 1952   1.48\n",
+       "3 1953   1.54\n"
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    },
+    {
+     "data": {
+      "text/html": [
+       "'list'"
+      ],
+      "text/latex": [
+       "'list'"
+      ],
+      "text/markdown": [
+       "'list'"
+      ],
+      "text/plain": [
+       "[1] \"list\""
+      ]
+     },
+     "metadata": {},
+     "output_type": "display_data"
+    }
+   ],
+   "source": [
+    "#\n",
+    "listCastors[[1]][[2]]\n",
+    "class(listCastors[[1]][[2]])\n",
+    "listCastors[[1]][2]\n",
+    "class(listCastors[[1]][2])"
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "#### Faire des opérations\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Il faut appliquer des fonctions sur un ensemble d'éléments de la liste (**lapply**,...)"
+   ]
+  }
+ ],
+ "metadata": {
+  "kernelspec": {
+   "display_name": "R",
+   "language": "R",
+   "name": "ir"
+  },
+  "language_info": {
+   "codemirror_mode": "r",
+   "file_extension": ".r",
+   "mimetype": "text/x-r-source",
+   "name": "R",
+   "pygments_lexer": "r",
+   "version": "3.4.3"
+  }
+ },
+ "nbformat": 4,
+ "nbformat_minor": 2
+}

TP/notebooks/ozoneClimat.ipynb

@@ -621,7 +621,7 @@
    "mimetype": "text/x-r-source",
    "name": "R",
    "pygments_lexer": "r",
-   "version": "3.4.1"
+   "version": "3.4.3"
   }
  },
  "nbformat": 4,

TP/notebooks/ozoneClimat_exe.ipynb

+{
+ "cells": [
+  {
+   "cell_type": "markdown",
+   "metadata": {},
+   "source": [
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "\n",
+    "## Etude de la polution de l'air en fonction de données climatiques\n",
+    "\n",
+    "(*Cet exemple est tiré du livre \"Statistiques avec R\" de Pierre-André Cornillon (Presse Universitaire de Rennes), il peut être intéressant pour ceux qui sont intéressés par l'interprétation des résultats de le consulter*).\n",
+    "\n",
+    "La pollution de l'air est actuellement une des préoccupations majeures de santé publique. Des associations de surveillance de la qualité de l'air existent sur tout le territoire français et mesurent la **concentration des polluants** ainsi que **les conditions météorologiques** comme la température, la nébulosité, le vent,$\\ldots$\n",
+    "\n",
+    "On dispose de 112 données relevées durant l'été 2001 à Rennes stockées dans le fichier texte **\"ozone.txt\"** dans le répertoire **\".../ATMO-IntroR/TP/data\"**.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "### Relation concentration en ozone et température\n",
+    "\n",
+    "Analyse de la relation entre le maximum journalier de la concentration en ozone (en $\\mu/m^3$) et la température par une méthode de régression linéraire simple, fonction **lm**(linear model) de R.\n",
+    "\n",
+    "**Les différentes étapes**\n",
+    "\n",
+    "#### Importer les données et extraire les variables d'intérêts (\"max03\" et \"T12\")."
+   ]
+  },
+  {
+   "cell_type": "code",
+   "execution_count": null,